TriticeaeExpDB

Aegilops bicornis originates from the Mediterranean region, including southern Europe and North Africa. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that typically reaches a height of 30 to 100 cm. Its leaves are linear in shape, green or bluish-green in color, and have sharp edges.

Aegilops tauschii originates from Asia, particularly China and Kazakhstan. It has upright stems and long, narrow, linear leaves. It is a highly adaptable plant, capable of thriving in various environmental conditions.

Aegilops longissima is one of the wild diploid species with the S-genome, closely related to wheat. It possesses desirable breeding characteristics for wheat, including high seed protein content, elevated levels of trace elements, disease resistance, salt tolerance, and drought tolerance.

Aegilops searsii, a wild relative of wheat, is a potentially important source of agriculturally useful genes for wheat breeding. The incorporation of Ae. searsii chromosome segments 1Ss or 2Ss into the wheat genome could significantly improve wheat flour quality and powdery mildew resistance, respectively.

Aegilops sharonensis is an annual diploid grass species growing endemically in the coastal plains of Israel and southern Lebanon. It is a wild relative of wheat, with a genome closely related to the B genome of cultivated bread wheat.

Aegilops speltoides is an edible goatgrass in the family Poaceae native to Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, which is often used for animal feed, and it has grown in cultivated beds. This plant is an important natural source of disease resistance in wheat, and it is known or likely to be susceptible to barley mild mosaic bymovirus.

Dasypyrum villosum is a species of annual grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to eastern and southern Europe and Western Asia from the Balearic Islands to Turkmenistan, including in the Mediterranean and the Caucasus regions.

Hordeum spontaneum, commonly known as wild barley or spontaneous barley, is the wild form of the grass in the family Poaceae that gave rise to the cereal barley (Hordeum vulgare). Domestication is thought to have occurred on two occasions, first about ten thousand years ago in the Fertile Crescent and again later, several thousand kilometres further east.

Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) is a barley variety that has loose husk cover of the caryopses. Because of the ease in processing and edibility, hulless barley has been locally cultivated and used as human food. For example, in Tibetan Plateau, hulless barley is the staple food for human and essential livestock feed.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC.

Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is grown principally in an area from eastern and northern Europe into Russia. It is much more tolerant of cold weather and poor soil than other cereals, making it useful in those regions; its vigorous growth suppresses weeds, and provides abundant forage for animals early in the year. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) which includes the cereals wheat and barley.

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield.

Emmer wheat or hulled wheat is a type of awned wheat. Emmer is a tetraploid (4n = 4x = 28 chromosomes). The domesticated types are Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. t. conv. durum. The wild plant is called T. t. subsp. dicoccoides. The principal difference between the wild and the domestic forms is that the ripened seed head of the wild plant shatters and scatters the seed onto the ground, while in the domesticated emmer, the seed head remains intact, thus making it easier for humans to harvest the grain

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the first domesticated wheat species and played a key role in the birth of agriculture and the Neolithic revolution in the Fertile Crescent around 12,000 years ago.

Spelt (Triticum spelta), also known as dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a species of wheat that has been cultivated since approximately 5000 BCE. Spelt was an important staple food in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times.

Triticum durum is a species of wheat. It is an annual and grows primarily in temperate areas and is native to countries around the eastern Mediterranean, down to Iran and east to Xinjiang, China.

Triticum urartu, also known as red wild einkorn wheat, and a form of einkorn wheat, is a grass species related to wheat, and native to western Asia. It is a diploid species whose genome is the A genome of the allopolyploid hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum, which has genomes AABBDD